[haguruka] RWANDA: Umuganda is forced labor imposed by a harsh regime that represses any dissent — part of a veneer of order and modernity that masks authoritarianism.

 

Dear all, some foreigners have found with poor and scared Rwanda a big opportunity to publish and manipulate all for getting degrees/ awards. 

Sir/madam, Umuganda means since the memorial era "a pole" that is used to construct Rwandese huts. As this building was done through a collaboration of family members and its friends, everyone had to contribute also by bringing in some poles "gutanga umuganda". 

During the Habyarimana's regime, it was asked to all Rwandese to give umuganda to country, once a week, by working together for realising some public works as planting trees, cropping, cleaning roads, water springs, residential place, etc. A wrong saying "Gukora umuganda" has been introduced due to the carelessness in kinyarwanda use. It is similar to "la bravitude" in France today. 

The "Gutanga umuganda" stoped with multipartism happening in June 1991 as RPF inkotanyi was criticising such works as forced labour. Habyarimana was killed on 6th April 1994, and this sparked a lot of chaos in Rwanda. 

That is it, but of course any crook may change and manipulate the word as he wants and according his interests!     

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De : haguruka@yahoogroups.com <haguruka@yahoogroups.com> de la part de Nzi Nink nzinink@yahoo.com [haguruka] <haguruka@yahoogroups.com>
Envoyé : mercredi 18 juillet 2018 22:03
À : fondationbanyarwanda@yahoogroupes.fr
Objet : [haguruka] Re: RWANDA: Umuganda is forced labor imposed by a harsh regime that represses any dissent — part of a veneer of order and modernity that masks authoritarianism.

 

More liar than Amy Yee, you die!

"The name of the event is a Kinyarwanda word that translates as "coming together in common purpose." But this seemingly positive definition belies a dark legacy. In the 1970s, Umuganda was the term used for a form of forced labor. And during three bloody months of the 1994 genocide, leaders exhorted ethnic Hutus to do Umuganda, to do their nefarious "job" of killing minority Tutsis and moderate Hutus."!

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/07/18/628364015/how-rwanda-tidied-up-its-streets-and-the-rest-of-the-country-too

How Rwanda Tidied Up Its Streets (And The Rest Of The Country, Too) www.npr.org On the last Saturday of the month, citizens must spend three hours beautifying the nation. Some people question the authoritarian approach. But the results are impressive.

On Jul 18, 2018, at 2:51 PM, Ambassadeur Sibomana Jean Bosco sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com [fondationbanyarwanda] <fondationbanyarwanda@yahoogroupes.fr> wrote:

 

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/07/18/628364015/how-rwanda-tidied-up-its-streets-and-the-rest-of-the-country-too

-- 
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco.
RWANDA Collection on Google+: https://plus.google.com/collection/4vE-b
GOOGLE+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts

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Posted by: kota venant <kotakori@hotmail.com>

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